Single-prompt LLMs fail on complex multi-step reasoning tasks. Learn how LangGraph manages stateful agent graphs with human-in-the-loop checkpoints, while the Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes context retrieval and tool execution.
1. Hybrid BM25 + Vector Search with Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF)
# RRF Ranking Formula
RRF_Score(doc) = sum( 1 / (60 + rank_dense(doc)) + 1 / (60 + rank_sparse(doc)) )